I love my world

Artikel Tentang Pasar

<br />
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">PASAR</span></strong></div>
<div style="text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pengertian Pasar atau
Definisi Pasar</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> adalah tempat bertemunya calon penjual dan calon pembeli barang
dan jasa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Di pasar
antara penjual dan pembeli akan melakukan transaksi. Transaksi adalah
kesepakatan dalam kegiatan jual-beli.  Syarat terjadinya transaksi adalah
ada barang yang diperjual belikan, ada pedagang, ada pembeli, ada kesepakatan
harga barang, dan tidak ada paksaan dari pihak manapun. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Dapat dikatakan pasar jika memenuhi syarat berikut ini :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Ada penjual</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ada pembeli</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ada tempat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Barang yang dijual (baik
barang/jasa)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Terjadi
transaksi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Contoh
gambar pasar :</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">

</span></div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
 <tbody>
<tr>
  <td height="3" width="43"><br /></td>
  <td width="135"><br /></td>
  <td width="113"><br /></td>
  <td width="49"><br /></td>
  <td width="105"><br /></td>
  <td width="137"><br /></td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td height="171"><br /></td>
  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><img alt="http://www.elanguages.org/images/58094?1237950767.47853" height="171" src="file:///C:/Users/SATELI%7E1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" width="248" /></td>
  <td><br /></td>
  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBxRLkTTKabex4euERcQJMl-RsNOZ37rjl0hVHZ9gMjPobxNy0wTB6Hd1ljH3nJQFbn2ObxVzSjzC-9q98dOgIIKVd4M6ZZODDVCLHtSE0BoyOBqPSCoVYMiOx2dUyyOUYDMpvt0j8iK4/s1600/yk-pasar-ngasem1.jpg" height="171" src="file:///C:/Users/SATELI%7E1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.jpg" width="242" /></td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td height="34"><br /></td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td height="158"><br /></td>
  <td><br /></td>
  <td align="left" colspan="3" valign="top"><img alt="http://dhievhiea.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/kroger-fruit-2.jpg" height="158" src="file:///C:/Users/SATELI%7E1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg" width="267" /></td>
 </tr>
</tbody></table>
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></i>

<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">MACAM-MACAM
PASAR</span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Jenis pasar menurut bentuk kegiatannya</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">.
     Menurut dari bentuk kegiatannya pasar dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu pasar nyata
     ataupun pasar tidak nyata(abstrak).  Maka kita lihat penjabaran
     berikut ini:<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar
Nyata.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar
nyata adalah pasar diman barang-barang yang akan diperjual belikan dan dapat
dibeli oleh pembeli. Contoh pasar tradisional dan pasar swalayan.<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar
Abstrak.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar
abstrak adalah pasar dimana para pedagangnya tidak menawar barang-barang yang
akan dijual dan tidak membeli secara langsung tetapi hanya dengan menggunakan
surat dagangannya saja. Contoh pasar online, pasar saham, pasar modal dan pasar
valuta asing.</span></div>
<ol start="2" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Jenis pasar menurut cara transaksinya.</span></b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Menurut
     cara transaksinya, jenis pasar dibedakan menjadi pasar tradisional dan
     pasar modern.</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar
Tradisional</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar
tradisional adalah pasar yang bersifat tradisional dimana para penjual dan
pembeli dapat mengadakan tawar menawar secar langsung. Barang-barang yang
diperjual belikan adalah barang yang berupa barang kebutuhan pokok.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar
Modern</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar
modern adalah pasar yang bersifat modern dimana barang-barang diperjual belikan
dengan harga pas dan denganm layanan sendiri. Tempat berlangsungnya pasar ini
adalah di mal, plaza, dan tempat-tempat modern lainnya.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />

<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Berdasarkan
Waktu Terjadinya</span></b></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Menurut
waktu terjadinya pasar dibedakan menjadi pasar harian, pasar mingguan, pasar
bulanan, pasar tahunan, dan pasar temporer.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">a.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> 
</span>Pasar Harian</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> merupakan
pasar yang melakukan aktivitas setiap hari. Misalnya pasar pagi, toserba, dan
warung-warung.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">b.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> 
</span>Pasar mingguan</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> merupakan
pasar yang melakukan aktivitas setiap satu minggu sekali. Misalnya pasar senin
atau pasar minggu yang ada di daerah pedesaan</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">c.Pasar bulanan</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> merupakan pasar yang melakukan aktivitas
setiap satu bulan sekali. Dalam aktivitasnya bisa satu hari atau lebih.
Misalnya, pasar yang biasa terjadi di depan kantor-kantor tempat pensiunan atau
purnawirawan yang mengambil uang tunjangan pensiunannya tiap awal bulan.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">d. Pasar tahunan</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> merupakan pasar yang melakukan aktivitas
setiap satu tahun sekali. Kejadian pasar ini biasanya lebih dari satu hari,
bahkan bisa mencapai lebih dari satu bulan. Misalnya Pekan Raya Jakarta, pasar
malam, dan pameran pembangunan.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">e. Pasar temporer</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> merupakan pasar yang dapat terjadi
sewaktu-waktu dalam waktu yang tidak tentu (tidak rutin) pasar ini biasanya
terjadi pada peristiwa tertentu. Misalnya pasar murah, bazar, dan pasar karena
ada perayaan kemerdekaan RI.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Berdasarkan
Luas Jangkauannya</span></b></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Menurut luas
jangkauannya pasar dibedakan menjadi pasar lokal, pasar nasional, dan pasar
internasional.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar lokal</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> merupakan pasar yang mempertemukan penjual
dan pembeli dari berbagai daerah atau wilayah tertentu saja.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar
nasional</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> merupakan
pasar yang mempertemukan penjual dan pembeli dari berbagai daerah atau wilayah
dalam suatu negara. Misalnya, pasar kayu putih di Ambon dan pasar tembakau di
Deli.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar
internasional</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> penjual dan
pembeli dari berbagai negara. Misalnya pasar tembakau di Bremen Jerman.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />

<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Berdasarkan
Hubungannya Dengan Proses Produksi. </span></b></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Menurut
hubungannya dengan proses produksi pasar dibedakan menjadi pasar output dan
pasar input.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar output
(pasar produk)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> merupakan
pasar yang memperjualbelikan barang-barang hasil produksi (biasanya dalam
bentuk jadi).</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar input
(pasar faktor produksi)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> merupakan
interaksi antara permintaan dan penawaran terhadap barang dan jasa sebagai
masukan pada suatu proses produksi (sumber daya alam, berupa bahan tambang,
hasil pertanian, tanah, tenaga kerja, dan barang modal).</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Berdasarkan
Strukturnya (Jumlah Penjual Dan Pembeli)</span></b></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Berdasarkan
strukturnya, pasar dibedakan menjadi sebagai berikut.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar
persaingan sempurna</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> merupakan
jenis pasar dengan jumlah penjual dan pembeli yang sangat banyak dan produk
yang dijual bersifat homogen. Harga terbentuk melalui mekanisme pasar dan hasil
interaksi antara penawaran dan permintaan sehingga penjual dan pembeli di pasar
ini tidak dapat mempengaruhi harga dan hanya berperan sebagai penerima harga
(price-taker). Barang dan jasa yang dijual di pasar ini bersifat homogen dan
tidak dapat dibedakan. Semua produk terlihat identik. Pembeli tidak dapat
membedakan apakah suatu barang berasal dari produsen A, produsen B, atau
produsen C? Oleh karena itu, promosi dengan iklan tidak akan memberikan
pengaruh terhadap penjualan produk.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar
persaingan tidak sempurna</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">, yang
terdiri atas. </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar monopoli</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> (dari bahasa Yunani: monos, satu + polein,
menjual) adalah suatu bentuk pasar di mana hanya terdapat satu penjual yang
menguasai pasar. Penentu harga pada pasar ini adalah seorang penjual atau
sering disebut sebagai “monopolis”. Sebagai penentu harga (price-maker),
seorang monopolis dapat menaikan atau mengurangi harga dengan cara menentukan
jumlah barang yang akan diproduksi; semakin sedikit barang yang diproduksi,
semakin mahal harga barang tersebut, begitu pula sebaliknya. Walaupun demikian,
penjual juga memiliki suatu keterbatasan dalam penetapan harga. Apabila
penetapan harga terlalu mahal, maka orang akan menunda pembelian atau berusaha
mencari atau membuat barang subtitusi (pengganti) produk tersebut atau lebih
buruk lagi mencarinya di pasar gelap (black market).</span></div>
<br />

<br />

<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar oligopoli</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> adalah adalah pasar di mana penawaran satu
jenis barang dikuasai oleh beberapa perusahaan. Umumnya jumlah perusahaan lebih
dari dua tetapi kurang dari sepuluh.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Dalam pasar
oligopoli, setiap perusahaan memposisikan dirinya sebagai bagian yang terikat
dengan permainan pasar, di mana keuntungan yang mereka dapatkan tergantung dari
tindak-tanduk pesaing mereka. Sehingga semua usaha promosi, iklan, pengenalan
produk baru, perubahan harga, dan sebagainya dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk
menjauhkan konsumen dari pesaing mereka.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar persaingan monopolistik</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> adalah salah satu bentuk pasar di mana
terdapat banyak produsen yang menghasilkan barang serupa tetapi memiliki
perbedaan dalam beberapa aspek. Penjual pada pasar monopolistik tidak terbatas,
namun setiap produk yang dihasilkan pasti memiliki karakter tersendiri yang
membedakannya dengan produk lainnya. Contohnya adalah : shampoo, pasta gigi,
dll. Meskipun fungsi semua shampoo sama yakni untuk membersihkan rambut, tetapi
setiap produk yang dihasilkan produsen yang berbeda memiliki ciri khusus,
misalnya perbedaan aroma, perbedaan warna, kemasan, dan lain-lain.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pasar Jasa / Tenaga</b></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar jasa
adalah pasar yang menjual produknya dalam bentuk penawaran jasa atas suatu
kemampuan. Jasa tidak dapat dipegang dan dilihat secara fisik karena waktu pada
saat dihasilkan bersamaan dengan waktu mengkonsumsinya. Contoh pasar jasa
seperti pasar tenaga kerja, Rumah Sakit yang menjual jasa kesehatan, Pangkalan
Ojek yang menawarkatn jasa transportasi sepeda motor, dan lain sebagainya.</span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">       </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">8.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">  </span>Pasar Uang dan Pasar Modal</b></span><br />

<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">a. Pasar Uang<br />
</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pasar Uang adalah pasar yang
memperjual belikan mata uang negara-negara yang berlaku di dunia. Pasar ini
disebut juga sebagai pasar valuta asing / valas / Foreign Exchange / Forex.
Resiko yang ada pada pasar ini relatif besar dibandingkan dengan jenis
investasi lainnya, namun demikian keuntungan yang mungkin diperoleh juga
relatif besar. Contoh adalah transaksi forex di BEJ, BES, agen forex, di
internet, dan lain-lain.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">b. Pasar Modal</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br />
Pasar Modal adalah pasar yang memperdagangkan surat-surat berharga sebagai
bukti kepemilikan suatu perusahaan bisnis atau kepemilikan modal untuk
diinvestasikan sesuai dengan kesepakatan yang telah dibuat. Contohnya seperti
saham, reksadana, obligasi perusahaan swasta dan pemerintah, dan lain
sebagainya.</span></div>

Artikel Tentang Pasar

A. PASAR Pengertian Pasar atau Definisi Pasar adalah tempat bertemunya calon penjual dan calon pembeli barang dan jasa. Di pasar a...

Baca selengkapnya »

19.58

<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Agresi Militer Belanda II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia,
ensiklopedia</span><b><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 315px;">
 <tbody>
<tr>
  <td colspan="2" style="background: lightsteelblue; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
  <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Agresi
  Militer Belanda II<br />
  <i>Operatie Kraai</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td colspan="2" style="background: gainsboro; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
  <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagian dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Kemerdekaan_Indonesia" title="Perang Kemerdekaan Indonesia"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perang Kemerdekaan
  Indonesia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
  <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:1948_agresi2-1b.jpg"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="1948 agresi2-1b.jpg" border="0" height="231" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2" width="330" /></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
  Seorang prajurit Indonesia bersiap siaga di perbatasan Yogyakarta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td colspan="2" style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
  <table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;">
   <tbody>
<tr>
    <td style="padding: 0in 12.0pt 0in 0in;">
    <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
    <td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
    <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">19–20 Desember 1948</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#cite_note-KahinSEA94-1"><sup><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
   </tr>
<tr>
    <td style="padding: 0in 12.0pt 0in 0in;">
    <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lokasi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
    <td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
    <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jawa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
    dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumatera</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,
    </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Indonesia</span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#cite_note-KahinSEA89-2"><sup><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
   </tr>
<tr>
    <td style="padding: 0in 12.0pt 0in 0in;">
    <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hasil<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
    <td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
    <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penangkapan pemimpin-pemimpin
    Republik di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yogyakarta</span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#cite_note-KahinSEA96-3"><sup><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[3]</span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
    Berkembangnya penentangan internasional di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBB" title="PBB"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PBB</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> atas upaya Belanda
    mengembalikan kekuasaan di Indonesia</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#cite_note-Darusman64-4"><sup><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[4]</span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
   </tr>
<tr>
    <td style="padding: 0in 12.0pt 0in 0in;">
    <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casus_belli" title="Casus belli"><b><i><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Casus belli</span></i></b></a><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
    <td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
    <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perbedaan penafsiran Belanda dan
    Republik Indonesia terhadap isi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perundingan_Renville" title="Perundingan Renville"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perundingan Renville</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
   </tr>
<tr>
    <td style="padding: 0in 12.0pt 0in 0in;">
    <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perubahan<br />
    wilayah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
    <td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
    <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pasukan bersenjata Belanda
    menduduki Jawa dan Sumatera</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#cite_note-KahinSEA89-2"><sup><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
   </tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td colspan="2" style="background: lightsteelblue; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
  <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pihak
  yang terlibat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td style="border-right: dotted #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-alt: dotted #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" border="0" height="15" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_3" width="22" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Indonesia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 3.0pt; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" border="0" height="15" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_4" width="22" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Belanda</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td colspan="2" style="background: lightsteelblue; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
  <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komandan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td style="border-right: dotted #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-alt: dotted #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title=""Bendera Indonesia" "><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="Bendera Indonesia" border="0" height="15" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_5" width="22" /></span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sukarno</span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#cite_note-KahinSEA94-1"><sup><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
  </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title=""Bendera Indonesia" "><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="Bendera Indonesia" border="0" height="15" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_6" width="22" /></span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mohammad Hatta</span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#cite_note-KahinSEA94-1"><sup><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
  </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title=""Bendera Indonesia" "><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="Bendera Indonesia" border="0" height="15" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_7" width="22" /></span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenderal" title="Jenderal"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenderal</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Haris_Nasution" title="Abdul Haris Nasution"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abdul Haris Nasution</span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#cite_note-KahinSEA89-2"><sup><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 3.0pt; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" title=""Bendera Belanda" "><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="Bendera Belanda" border="0" height="15" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_8" width="22" /></span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenderal" title="Jenderal"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenderal</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Hendrik_Spoor" title="Simon Hendrik Spoor"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Simon Hendrik Spoor</span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#cite_note-KahinSEA89-2"><sup><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
  </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" title=""Bendera Belanda" "><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="Bendera Belanda" border="0" height="15" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_9" width="22" /></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenderal
  Meyer</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#cite_note-KahinSEA94-1"><sup><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td colspan="2" style="background: lightsteelblue; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
  <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kekuatan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td style="border-right: dotted #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-alt: dotted #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mitsubishi Zero</span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#cite_note-KahinSEA89-2"><sup><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 3.0pt; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">800–900 infanteri udara<sup><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#cite_note-KahinSEA90-5"><span style="color: blue;">[5]</span></a></sup><br />
  23 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Douglas DC-3</span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#cite_note-KahinSEA90-5"><sup><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[5]</span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
  Pesawat tempur dan pengebom Belanda</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#cite_note-KahinSEA90-5"><sup><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[5]</span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Agresi Militer
Belanda II</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> atau <b>Operasi
Gagak</b> terjadi pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_Desember" title="19 Desember"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">19
Desember</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1948</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang diawali
dengan serangan terhadap </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yogyakarta</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ibu kota</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Indonesia</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> saat itu,
serta penangkapan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno" title="Soekarno"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Soekarno</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mohammad
Hatta</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjahrir" title="Sjahrir"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sjahrir</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan beberapa
tokoh lainnya. Jatuhnya ibu kota negara ini menyebabkan dibentuknya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintah_Darurat_Republik_Indonesia" title="Pemerintah Darurat Republik Indonesia"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemerintah Darurat Republik Indonesia</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumatra</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang dipimpin
oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjafruddin_Prawiranegara" title="Sjafruddin Prawiranegara"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sjafruddin Prawiranegara</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada hari
pertama Agresi Militer Belanda II, mereka menerjunkan pasukannya di Pangkalan
Udara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maguwo&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Maguwo (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Maguwo</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan dari sana menuju ke Ibukota RI di
Yogyakarta. Kabinet mengadakan sidang kilat. Dalam sidang itu diambil keputusan
bahwa pimpinan negara tetap tinggal dalam kota agar dekat dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komisi_Tiga_Negara&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Komisi Tiga Negara (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komisi Tiga Negara</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (KTN) sehingga
kontak-kontak diplomatik dapat diadakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daftar isi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#Serangan_ke_Maguwo"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1 Serangan ke Maguwo</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#Pemerintahan_Darurat"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2 Pemerintahan Darurat</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#Pengasingan_Pimpinan_Republik"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3 Pengasingan Pimpinan Republik</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#Gerilya"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4 Gerilya</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#Referensi"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5 Referensi</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#Referensi_2"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6 Referensi</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresi_Militer_Belanda_II#Lihat_pula"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7 Lihat pula</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Serangan ke Maguwo<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/18_Desember" title="18 Desember"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">18
Desember</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1948</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> pukul 23.30,
siaran radio antara dari Jakarta menyebutkan, bahwa besok paginya Wakil Tinggi
Mahkota Belanda, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Joseph_Maria_Beel" title="Louis Joseph Maria Beel"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Beel</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, akan mengucapkan pidato yang penting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sementara itu
Jenderal Spoor yang telah berbulan-bulan mempersiapkan rencana pemusnahan TNI
memberikan instruksi kepada seluruh tentara Belanda di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jawa</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumatera</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> untuk memulai
penyerangan terhadap kubu Republik. Operasi tersebut dinamakan "Operasi
Kraai" .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pukul 2.00 pagi
<i>1e para-compgnie</i> (pasukan para I) KST di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andir" title="Andir"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Andir</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> memperoleh
parasut mereka dan memulai memuat keenambelas pesawat transportasi, dan pukul
3.30 dilakukan briefing terakhir. Pukul 3.45 Mayor Jenderal Engles tiba di
bandar udara Andir, diikuti oleh Jenderal </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spoor&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Spoor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Spoor</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 15 menit kemudian. Dia melakukan
inspeksi dan mengucapkan pidato singkat. Pukul 4.20 pasukan elit KST di bawah
pimpinan Kapten Eekhout naik ke pesawat dan pukul 4.30 pesawat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota" title="Dakota"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dakota</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> pertama
tinggal landas. Rute penerbangan ke arah timur menuju Maguwo diambil melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lautan_Hindia" title="Lautan Hindia"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lautan
Hindia</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Pukul 6.25
mereka menerima berita dari para pilot pesawat pemburu, bahwa zona penerjunan
telah dapat dipergunakan. Pukul 6.45 pasukan para mulai diterjunkan di Maguwo.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seiring dengan
penyerangan terhadap bandar udara Maguwo, pagi hari tanggal </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_Desember" title="19 Desember"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">19
Desember</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1948</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, WTM Beel
berpidato di radio dan menyatakan, bahwa Belanda tidak lagi terikat dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persetujuan_Renville" title="Persetujuan Renville"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Persetujuan Renville</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Penyerbuan terhadap semua wilayah
Republik di Jawa dan Sumatera, termasuk serangan terhadap Ibukota RI, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yogyakarta</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, yang kemudian
dikenal sebagai Agresi Militer Belanda II telah dimulai. Belanda konsisten
dengan menamakan agresi militer ini sebagai "Aksi Polisional".<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyerangan
terhadap Ibukota Republik, diawali dengan pemboman atas lapangan terbang
Maguwo, di pagi hari. Pukul 05.45 lapangan terbang Maguwo dihujani bom dan
tembakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitraliur&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mitraliur (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mitraliur</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> oleh 5 pesawat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mustang&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mustang (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mustang</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan 9 pesawat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kittyhawk&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kittyhawk (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kittyhawk</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Pertahanan TNI di Maguwo hanya
terdiri dari 150 orang pasukan pertahanan pangkalan udara dengan persenjataan
yang sangat minim, yaitu beberapa senapan dan satu senapan anti pesawat 12,7.
Senjata berat sedang dalam keadaan rusak. Pertahanan pangkalan hanya diperkuat
dengan satu kompi TNI bersenjata lengkap. Pukul 06.45, 15 pesawat Dakota
menerjunkan pasukan KST Belanda di atas Maguwo. Pertempuran merebut Maguwo
hanya berlangsung sekitar 25 menit. Pukul 7.10 bandara Maguwo telah jatuh ke
tangan pasukan Kapten Eekhout. Di pihak Republik tercatat 128 tentara tewas,
sedangkan di pihak penyerang, tak satu pun jatuh korban.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sekitar pukul
9.00, seluruh 432 anggota pasukan KST telah mendarat di Maguwo, dan pukul
11.00, seluruh kekuatan Grup Tempur M sebanyak 2.600 orang –termasuk dua batalyon,
1.900 orang, dari Brigade T- beserta persenjataan beratnya di bawah pimpinan
Kolonel D.R.A. van Langen telah terkumpul di Maguwo dan mulai bergerak ke
Yogyakarta.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Serangan
terhadap kota Yogyakarta juga dimulai dengan pemboman serta menerjunkan pasukan
payung di kota. Di daerah-daerah lain di Jawa antara lain di Jawa Timur,
dilaporkan bahwa penyerangan bahkan telah dilakukan sejak tanggal 18 Desember
malam hari.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Segera setelah
mendengar berita bahwa tentara Belanda telah memulai serangannya, Panglima
Besar </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soedirman" title="Soedirman"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Soedirman</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> mengeluarkan
perintah kilat yang dibacakan di radio tanggal </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_Desember" title="19 Desember"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">19
Desember</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 1948 pukul
08.00.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemerintahan Darurat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Dec48.gif"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="Dec48.gif" border="0" height="217" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_10" width="330" /></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Dec48.gif" title=""Perbesar" "><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf17/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" border="0" height="11" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_11" width="15" /></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soedirman" title="Soedirman"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Soedirman</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dalam keadaan
sakit melaporkan diri kepada Presiden. Soedirman didampingi oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.B._Simatupang" title="T.B. Simatupang"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kolonel
Simatupang</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soerjadi_Soerjadarma" title="Soerjadi Soerjadarma"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komodor Suriadarma</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> serta dr. Suwondo, dokter pribadinya.
Kabinet mengadakan sidang dari pagi sampai siang hari. Karena merasa tidak
diundang, Jenderal Soedirman dan para perwira TNI lainnya menunggu di luar
ruang sidang. Setelah mempertimbangkan segala kemungkinan yang dapat terjadi,
akhirnya Pemerintah Indonesia memutuskan untuk tidak meninggalkan Ibukota.
Mengenai hal-hal yang dibahas serta keputusan yang diambil adalam sidang
kabinet tanggal 19 Desember 1948. Berhubung Soedirman masih sakit, Presiden
berusaha membujuk supaya tinggal dalam kota, tetapi Sudirman menolak.
Simatupang mengatakan sebaiknya Presiden dan Wakil Presiden ikut bergerilya.
Menteri </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herling_Laoh" title="Herling Laoh"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Laoh</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> mengatakan
bahwa sekarang ternyata pasukan yang akan mengawal tidak ada. Jadi Presiden dan
Wakil Presiden terpaksa tinggal dalam kota agar selalu dapat berhubungan dengan
KTN sebagai wakil </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBB" title="PBB"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PBB</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Setelah
dipungut suara, hampir seluruh Menteri yang hadir mengatakan, Presiden dan
Wakil Presiden tetap dalam kota.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sesuai dengan
rencana yang telah dipersiapkan oleh Dewan Siasat, yaitu basis pemerintahan
sipil akan dibentuk di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumatera</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, maka Presiden
dan Wakil Presiden membuat surat kuasa yang ditujukan kepada Mr. Syafruddin
Prawiranegara, Menteri Kemakmuran yang sedang berada di Bukittinggi. Presiden
dan Wakil Presiden mengirim kawat kepada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syafruddin_Prawiranegara" title="Syafruddin Prawiranegara"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Syafruddin Prawiranegara</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> di
Bukittinggi, bahwa ia diangkat sementara membentuk satu kabinet dan mengambil
alih Pemerintah Pusat. Pemerintahan Syafruddin ini kemudian dikenal dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintahan_Darurat_Republik_Indonesia" title="Pemerintahan Darurat Republik Indonesia"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemerintahan Darurat Republik Indonesia</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Selain itu,
untuk menjaga kemungkinan bahwa Syafruddin tidak berhasil membentuk
pemerintahan di Sumatera, juga dibuat surat untuk Duta Besar RI untuk India,
dr. Sudarsono, serta staf Kedutaan RI, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._N._Palar" title="L. N. Palar"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">L.
N. Palar</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan Menteri
Keuangan Mr. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.A._Maramis" title="A.A. Maramis"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.A.
Maramis</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang sedang
berada di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">New
Delhi</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Empat Menteri
yang ada di Jawa namun sedang berada di luar Yogyakarta sehingga tidak ikut
tertangkap adalah Menteri Dalam Negeri, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekiman_Wirjosandjojo" title="Soekiman Wirjosandjojo"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dr. Sukiman</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, Menteri Persediaan Makanan,Mr. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/I.J._Kasimo" title="I.J. Kasimo"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I.J.
Kasimo</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, Menteri
Pembangunan dan Pemuda, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supeno" title="Supeno"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Supeno</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dan Menteri
Kehakiman, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soesanto_Tirtoprodjo" title="Soesanto Tirtoprodjo"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Susanto</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Mereka belum mengetahui mengenai Sidang Kabinet pada 19
Desember 1948, yang memutuskan pemberian mandat kepada Mr. Syafrudin Prawiranegara
untuk membentuk Pemerintah Darurat di Bukittinggi, dan apabila ini tidak dapat
dilaksanakan, agar dr. Sudarsono, Mr. Maramis dan L.N. Palar membentuk Exile
Government of Republic Indonesia di New Delhi, India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_Desember" title="21 Desember"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">21
Desember</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 1948, keempat
Menteri tersebut mengadakan rapat dan hasilnya disampaikan kepada seluruh
Gubernur Militer I, II dan III, seluruh Gubernur sipil dan Residen di Jawa,
bahwa Pemerintah Pusat diserahkan kepada 3 orang Menteri yaitu Menteri Dalam
Negeri, Menteri Kehakiman, Menteri Perhubungan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengasingan Pimpinan Republik<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada pukul
07.00 WIB tanggal 22 Desember 1948 Kolonel D.R.A. van Langen memerintahkan para
pemimpin republik untuk berangkat ke Pelabuhan Udara Yogyakarta untuk
diterbangkan tanpa tujuan yang jelas. Selama di perjalanan dengan menggunakan
pesawat pembom B-25 milik angkatan udara Belanda, tidak satupun yang tahu arah
tujuan pesawat, pilot mengetahui arah setelah membuka surat perintah di dalam
pesawat, akan tetapi tidak disampaikan kepada para pemimpin republik. Setelah
mendarat di Pelabuhan Udara Kampung Dul Pangkalpinang (sekarang Bandara Depati
Amir) para pemimpin republik baru mengetahui, bahwa mereka diasingkan ke Pulau
Bangka, akan tetapi rombongan Presiden </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno" title="Soekarno"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Soekarno</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutan_Sjahrir" title="Sutan Sjahrir"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sutan
Sjahrir</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dan Menteri
Luar Negeri Haji </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agus_Salim" title="Agus Salim"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Agus
Salim</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> terus
diterbangkan lagi menuju </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medan" title="Medan"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Medan</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Utara" title="Sumatera Utara"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumatera
Utara</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, untuk
kemudian diasingkan ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brastagi" title="Brastagi"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Brastagi</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parapat" title="Parapat"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Parapat</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, sementara
Drs. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moh._Hatta" title="Moh. Hatta"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Moh.
Hatta</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (Wakil
Presiden), RS. Soerjadarma (Kepala Staf Angkatan Udara), MR. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assaat" title="Assaat"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Assaat</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (Ketua KNIP)
dan MR. AG. Pringgodigdo (Sekretaris Negara) diturunkan di pelabuhan udara
Kampung Dul Pangkalpinang dan terus dibawa ke Bukit Menumbing Mentok dengan
dikawal truk bermuatan tentara Belanda dan berada dalam pengawalan pasukan
khusus Belanda, Corps Speciale Troepen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gerilya<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setelah itu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soedirman" title="Soedirman"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Soedirman</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> meninggalkan
Yogyakarta untuk memimpin gerilya dari luar kota. Perjalanan bergerilya selama
delapan bulan ditempuh kurang lebih 1000 km di daerah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" title="Jawa Tengah"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jawa
Tengah</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timur" title="Jawa Timur"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jawa
Timur</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Tidak jarang
Soedirman harus ditandu atau digendong karena dalam keadaan sakit keras.
Setelah berpindah-pindah dari beberapa desa rombongan Soedirman kembali ke
Yogyakarta pada tanggal </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_Juli" title="10 Juli"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10
Juli</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949" title="1949"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1949</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kolonel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.H._Nasution" title="A.H. Nasution"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.H.
Nasution</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, selaku
Panglima Tentara dan Teritorium Jawa menyusun rencana pertahanan rakyat <i>Totaliter</i>
yang kemudian dikenal sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perintah_Siasat_No_1&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Perintah Siasat No 1 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perintah Siasat No 1</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Salah satu
pokok isinya ialah : Tugas pasukan-pasukan yang berasal dari daerah-daerah
federal adalah ber <i>wingate</i> (menyusup ke belakang garis musuh) dan
membentuk kantong-kantong gerilya sehingga seluruh Pulau Jawa akan menjadi
medan gerilya yang luas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Salah satu
pasukan yang harus melakukan wingate adalah pasukan Siliwangi. Pada tanggal 19
Desember 1948 bergeraklah pasukan Siliwangi dari Jawa Tengah menuju
daerah-daerah kantong yang telah ditetapkan di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Barat" title="Jawa Barat"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jawa
Barat</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Perjalanan
ini dikenal dengan nama </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Long_March_Siliwangi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Long March Siliwangi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Long March Siliwangi</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Perjalanan
yang jauh, menyeberangi sungai, mendaki gunung, menuruni lembah, melawan rasa
lapar dan letih dibayangi bahaya serangan musuh. Sesampainya di Jawa Barat
mereka bergabung dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DI/TII" title="DI/TII"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DI/TII</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> karena </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/NII" title="NII"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NII</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> telah memproklamirkan kemerdekaannya
pada wilayah-wilayah yang diduduki Belanda saat itu, dan pada akhirnya sejarah
mencatat dengan ketidakjelasan mengenai hal ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="height: 188px; margin-left: -35px; margin-top: 656px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 434px; z-index: 1;"><img alt="http://sejarahpusdikzi.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/agresi-militer-belanda-i.jpg" height="188" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.jpg" v:shapes="irc_mi" width="434" /></span><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM_JgMPTuVS1VIm7TdOUdBlsxa8qcE3VBYr53apmUNZ-itfDVd5KWm_1GOCanZuXFdXtkhkqIYojhYUj2Adj-asv7OUCSOmfzxC6WdE3bxbJ9UtVc99xpo3lJVvBjhJ606UNgTyge8xRfZ/s1600/1.jpg" border="0" height="266" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1036" width="397" /><img alt="http://rioardi.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/132.jpg" border="0" height="375" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1035" width="500" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
                                                                                                                                                               </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<img alt="http://rioardi.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/152.jpg" border="0" height="420" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1034" width="525" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<img alt="https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTa6AVo-yTUlUhFDEXLfTuTUa_on6flWH8PTBP0ATMeDzOoHb1y2w" border="0" height="420" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1033" width="600" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<img alt="https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcShIL3lVtnNjj5_KdHO6_gL1xTeuXA0CPpE3D2MXesGuTvEAhQRXw" border="0" height="291" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032" width="624" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<img alt="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSMTJwAdEwx4nh_VjNgK-QIYogKWhJoQTise_4Nl2r4szpRMVWGCw" border="0" height="355" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1031" width="595" /><img alt="https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSnUj7huA1j267MbUl4afo1TwlaCu5kxasLg7y9MKwSXEDwtAcH" border="0" height="266" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030" width="400" /><img alt="https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR9ASTaDQjsUdz8AGHNSD8TA_b8MdGR7hD0CbLKC2mOU-tSbORcvQ" border="0" height="360" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029" width="480" /><img alt="http://534628764.r.cdn77.net/atjehpost/images/MARET/2/agresimiliterbelanda.jpg" border="0" height="317" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028" width="460" /><img alt="https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSo3U5BrDQpjXvK6TKTei36CtkvvdFVdUQehaKE98UxR2EX6aIY" border="0" height="293" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" width="441" /><img alt="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQPUP7JirdaHaeux5Ro0_VgTHzfN4lxHcWf-vKn9WRPPBEJ58Tc" border="0" height="412" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.jpg" v:shapes="irc_mi" width="624" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
                                           <img border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:/Users/gtech/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="32" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 30.0pt; margin-top: 7.5pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 30.0pt; margin-top: 7.5pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Serangan ke Yogyakarta dan Pemerintahan Darurat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebenarnya, agresi
militer Belanda II ini dipicu juga oleh situasi politik di Belanda sana. Pada 6
Agustus 1948, Dr. Willem Drees dari Partij van de Arbeid, menjadi Perdana
Menteri kabinet koalisi bersama Partai Katolik (Katholieke Volkspartij). Dia
menggantikan Dr. L.J.M. Beel, yang kemudian diangkat menjadi Hooge
Vertegenwoordiger van de Kroon (Wakil Tinggi Mahkota) Belanda di Indonesia.
Beel menggantikan posisi van Mook sebagai Wakil Gubernur Jenderal. Ketika itu,
jabatan Gubernur Jenderal dan Wakil Gubernur Jenderal dihapuskan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diangkatnya Dr. Beel
menjadi Wakil Tinggi Mahkota menunjukkan pentingnya masalah Indonesia bagi
Belanda. Dr. Beel adalah mantan Perdana Menteri Belanda kedua yang dipercayakan
untuk menyelesaikan masalah Indonesia, setelahProfesor Schermerhorn. Beel
termasuk kelompok garis keras dan dekat dengan kalangan pengusaha di Belanda,
yang tak ingin memberikan konsesi apapun kepada pihak republik, sangat berbeda
dengan Profesor Schermerhorn yang sosialis. Dengan pengangkatan Dr. Beel,
Belanda menunjukkan wajah kerasnya, dan Letnan Jenderal Spoor yang memang ingin
menghancurkan TNI mendapatkan dukungan politik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal 19 Desember
1948 Dr. Bell, Wakil Tinggi Mahkota Belanda, mengucapkan pidato penting. Jenderal
Spoor kemudian memberi perintah ke seluruh pasukan Belanda di Sumatra dan Jawa
untuk melakukan serangan terhadap republik. Pada tanggal 19 Desember 1948, pagi
hari sekitar pukul 06.45, pasukan Ie Para-Compagnie Korps Speciale Troepen
(KST) dipimpin Kapten Eekhout terjun di bandar udara Maguwo, setelah pada dini
harinya Mayor Jenderal Engles dan Jenderal Spoor berkordinasi di bandar udara
Andir.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lagi-lagi Belanda
mengingkari perjanjian yang sudah disepakati sebelumnya, yakni Perjanjian
Renville. Dr. Bell, Wakil Tinggi Mahkota Belanda, pada 19 Desember 1948,
seiring penyerangan ke bandar udara Maguwo mengungkapkan bahwa Belanda tak lagi
terikat Perjanjian Renville. Dimulailah agresi militer Belanda II, yang oleh
Belanda tetap disebut aksi polisional. Bandar udara Maguwo dibombardir pada 19
Desember 1948 pagi harinya. Pertempuran di Maguwo berlangsung relatif singkat,
akibat pertahanan TNI yang minim, hanya 25 menit saja Maguwo berhasil direbut
pasukan KST di bawah pimpinan Kapten Eekhout. Siang harinya, pasukan Belanda
yang jumlahnya ribuan sudah berkumpul di Maguwo untuk memulai pergerakan ke
Yogyakarta. Pasukan tersebut terdiri atas 432 anggota KST, 2.600 Grup Tempur M,
dan 1.900 Brigade T dipimpin D.R.A. van Langen.          
               
<br />
Mirip serangan ke bandar udara Maguwo, Yogyakarta pun habis dibombardir dan
beberapa pasukan terjun payung mendarat. Kabinet pun menggelar sidang kilat
yang menghasilkan keputusan, para pemimpin republik tetap berada di dalam kota
agar dekat dengan Komisi Tiga Negara (KTN). Pangliman Besar Sudirman, pada
pukul 08.00 membacakan perintah kilat di radio. Presiden Soekarno dan Wakil
Presiden Moh. Hatta membuat surat kuasa untuk Mr. Syafruddin Prawiranegara,
Menteri Kemakmuran yang tengah ada di Bukittinggi untuk membentuk kabinet dan
mengambil alih pemerintah pusat untuk sementara waktu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemerintahan
Syafruddin ini dikenal dengan Pemerintahan Darurat Republik Indonesia (PDRI).
Selain itu, untuk menjaga kemungkinan bahwa Syafruddin tidak berhasil membentuk
pemerintahan di Sumatra, dibuat juga surat kepada Duta Besar RI untuk India,
dr. Sudarsono, serta staf Kedutaan RI, L. N. Palar dan Menteri Keuangan Mr.
A.A. Maramis yang sedang berada di New Delhi untuk membentuk exile government
of Republic Indonesia di New Delhi, India, jika PDRI gagal.   
               
               
        <br />
PDRI sendiri resmi terbentuk pada tanggal 19 Desember 1948 pukul18.00 WIB atas
inisiatif Mr. Syarifudin Prawiranegara dan beberapa pemuka pemerintahan di
Sumatra. Para pemimpin republik di Sumatra itu merasa ikut bertanggung jawab
atas kelangsungan hidup republik dan untuk keselamatan perjuangan.Dengan
terbentuknya PDRI, perjuangan masih tetap dilaksanakan dan dikoordinir melalui
pemancar yang dilaksanakan oleh Angkatan Udara Republik Indonesia. Sedangkan,
para pemimpin republik di Yogyakarta berhasil ditangkap Belanda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Beberapa pejabat
republik yang sedang tidak di Yogyakarta, seperti Menteri Dalam Negeri dr.
Sukiman, Menteri Persediaan Makanan Mr. I.J. Kasimo, Menteri Pembangunan dan
Pemuda Supeno, dan Menteri Kehakiman Mr. Susanto yang tidak mengetahui adanya
PDRI di bawah Syafrudin Prawiranegara, membentuk sebuah pemerintahan pusat yang
diserahkan kepada 3 orang menteri, yaitu Menteri Dalam Negeri, Menteri
Kehakiman, Menteri Perhubungan pada 21 Desember 1948. Para pemimpin yang
tertangkap diasingkan ke beberapa daerah, Presiden Soekarno, Agus Salim, dan
Sutan Sjahrir diasingkan ke Brastagi dan Parapat; Moh. Hatta, RS. Soerjadarma,
Mr. Asaat, dan AG. Pringgodigdo dibawa ke Bukit Menumbing Mentok, Pangkal
Pinang, dengan dikawal truk bermuatan tentara Belanda dan berada dalam
pengawalan pasukan khusus Belanda, Korps Speciale Troepen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 30.0pt; margin-top: 7.5pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>

Agresi Militer Belanda II Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia Agresi Militer Belanda II Operatie Kraai ...

Baca selengkapnya »

18.01